Dipl.-Inform.Wirt. Peter Hottum
- General Management / Network Management
- Office Hours: by appointment
- Room: 4A-03
- Phone: +49 721 608-45777
- peter hottum ∂does-not-exist.kit edu
Kaiserstr. 89
Building 05.20
D-76133 Karlsruhe
Activities
Research Interests
- Service Analytics and Data Mining
- Service Systems and Value Co-Creation
- Customer Contribution Management (CCM)
- Customer Involvement and Service Quality
- Service Science, Management and Engineering (SSME)
Teaching
- Service Innovation in Practice (practical seminar)
- Service Science Management and Engineering (seminar)
- Service Innovation (lecture and exercise)
Projects
Curriculum Vitae
Peter graduated in Information Engineering and Management at the Universität Karlsruhe (TH). During his studies he gained project experience in service and industrial companies, like IBM (Global Business Services, Munich), SAP (Inspire/Research, Walldorf), Daimler (Truck Group Europe, Woerth) and Siemens (Power Transmission and Distribution, Shanghai). He wrote his Diploma thesis on a topic related to challenges and solution statements on procurement of knowledge-intensive services.
In July 2009, Peter joined the Karlsruhe Service Research Institute as a member of the Digital Service Innovation research group. From March to June 2012, he worked with Professor Stephen Kwan as a visiting scholar at San José State University (USA). Since November 2015 he is the General Manager of the Karlsruhe Service Research Institute.
Based on his interdisciplinary research in the domain of Service Science Peter has authored articles in various disciplines of Business Research (such as Service Management, Information Systems and Operations Research). Those articles have been published in renowned journals (e.g., zfbf (in German), Service Science and Service Industries Journal) and at conferences (e.g., International Conference on Exploring Service Science, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences and International Conference on Operations Research).
Awards
- Research Travel Scholarship of the Karlsruhe House of Young Scientists 2012
- Award of the Department of Economics and Management for the exercise on Service Innovation 2010
Academic and Scientific Activities
- Co-Chair of the workshop 'IT-enabled services for e-mobility 2013' in the context of the 43rd annual meeting of the Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI e.V.)
- Chair of the session 'Service Analytics and Optimization' at the International Conference on Operations Research 2014
- Session chair at the 6th International Conference on Exploring Service Science 2015
- Member of the workshop committee of the 1st Karlsruhe Service Summit Research Workshop 2015
- Session chair at the 24th Annual Frontiers in Service Conference 2015
- Member of the workshop committee of the 2nd KSS Research Workshop 2016
- Local Arrangements Chair of the 12th International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology 2017
2018
Conference Proceedings
Exploring Service Science : 9th International Conference (IESS 2018), Karlsruhe, September 19-21, 2018
Satzger, G.; Patricio, L.; Zaki, M.; Kühl, N.; Hottum, P.
2018. Springer Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00713-3
Satzger, G.; Patricio, L.; Zaki, M.; Kühl, N.; Hottum, P.
2018. Springer Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00713-3
2017
Conference Papers
Towards Designing an Assistant for Semi-Automatic EMS Dispatching
Reuter-Oppermann, M.; Morana, S.; Hottum, P.
2017. Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Waikoloa, HI, USA, January 4-7, 2017, 3556–3565, University of Hawai’i at Manoa
Reuter-Oppermann, M.; Morana, S.; Hottum, P.
2017. Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Waikoloa, HI, USA, January 4-7, 2017, 3556–3565, University of Hawai’i at Manoa
Presentations
Mathematische Verfahren zur Unterstützung der Rettungsdienstplanung
Reuter-Oppermann, M.; Hottum, P.
2017. Zi Konferenz Versorgungsforschung „Health Services Research Conference“ (2017), Berlin, Germany, September 13–14, 2017
Reuter-Oppermann, M.; Hottum, P.
2017. Zi Konferenz Versorgungsforschung „Health Services Research Conference“ (2017), Berlin, Germany, September 13–14, 2017
2016
Conference Papers
Towards a Customer-Oriented Queuing in Service Incident Management
Hottum, P.; Reuter-Oppermann, M.
2016. Operations Research Proceedings 2014 - Selected Papers of the Annual International Conference of the German Operations Research Society (OR), Aachen, Germany, September 2-5, 2014. Ed.: M. Lübbecke, 233–239, Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28697-6_33
Hottum, P.; Reuter-Oppermann, M.
2016. Operations Research Proceedings 2014 - Selected Papers of the Annual International Conference of the German Operations Research Society (OR), Aachen, Germany, September 2-5, 2014. Ed.: M. Lübbecke, 233–239, Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28697-6_33
Service science textbooks: Opportunities of an interdisciplinary approach
Kunze von Bischhoffshausen, J.; Hottum, P.; Schüritz, R.
2016. Exploring Services Science, 7th International Conference IESS 2016, Bucharest, RO, May 25-27, 2016. Ed.: T. Borangiu, 742–749, Springer Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32689-4_57
Kunze von Bischhoffshausen, J.; Hottum, P.; Schüritz, R.
2016. Exploring Services Science, 7th International Conference IESS 2016, Bucharest, RO, May 25-27, 2016. Ed.: T. Borangiu, 742–749, Springer Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32689-4_57
Presentations
Design Science Research in Service Science: Towards a Theory-Grounded Design of Digital Service Systems
Morana, S.; Hottum, P.; Maedche, A.
2016. Service Science: Perspectives from the Next Generation of Service Scholars, Pre-ECIS Workshop, Istanbul, Turkey, June 12th, 2016
Morana, S.; Hottum, P.; Maedche, A.
2016. Service Science: Perspectives from the Next Generation of Service Scholars, Pre-ECIS Workshop, Istanbul, Turkey, June 12th, 2016
2015
Book Chapters
Dienstleistungen für Elektromobilität : Netzwerke und Allianzen
Hottum, P.; Kühl, N.; Stryja, C.
2015. Dienstleistungen für Elektromobilität : Ergebnisse einer Expertenstudie. Hrsg.: S. Lamberth-Cocca, 47–61, Fraunhofer Verlag
Hottum, P.; Kühl, N.; Stryja, C.
2015. Dienstleistungen für Elektromobilität : Ergebnisse einer Expertenstudie. Hrsg.: S. Lamberth-Cocca, 47–61, Fraunhofer Verlag
Produktivität und Kundeneinbindung: Analyse der Auswirkungen des Kundenbeitrags für die Dienstleistungsentwicklung
Kohler, M.; Hottum, P.; Fromm, H.; Satzger, G.
2015. Phasenübergreifendes Service Life Cycle Management zur Steigerung der Dienstleistungsproduktivität. Messung, Bewertung und Steigerung - konzeptionelle und praxisbezogene Ansätze. Hrsg.: W. Ganz, 66–90, Fraunhofer Verlag
Kohler, M.; Hottum, P.; Fromm, H.; Satzger, G.
2015. Phasenübergreifendes Service Life Cycle Management zur Steigerung der Dienstleistungsproduktivität. Messung, Bewertung und Steigerung - konzeptionelle und praxisbezogene Ansätze. Hrsg.: W. Ganz, 66–90, Fraunhofer Verlag
Service Co-creation
Kunze von Bischhoffshausen, J.; Hottum, P.; Straub, T.
2015. Fundamentals of Service Systems. Ed.: J. Cardoso, 261–296, Springer Verlag
Kunze von Bischhoffshausen, J.; Hottum, P.; Straub, T.
2015. Fundamentals of Service Systems. Ed.: J. Cardoso, 261–296, Springer Verlag
Netzwerke und Allianzen
Hottum, P.; Kühl, N.; Stryja, C.
2015. Dienstleistungen für Elektromobilität - Ergebnisse einer Expertenstudie, 47–60, Fraunhofer Verlag
Hottum, P.; Kühl, N.; Stryja, C.
2015. Dienstleistungen für Elektromobilität - Ergebnisse einer Expertenstudie, 47–60, Fraunhofer Verlag
Journal Articles
Management der Interaktionsqualität in industriellen Dienstleistungsnetzwerken : Ein Service-Analytics-Ansatz für die Störungsbearbeitung
Satzger, G.; Hottum, P.
2015. Schmalenbachs Zeitschrift für betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung, (69/15), 150–173
Satzger, G.; Hottum, P.
2015. Schmalenbachs Zeitschrift für betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung, (69/15), 150–173
Conference Papers
Entwicklung eines Frameworks zur Beschreibung von Geschäftsmodellen für Elektromobilitätsdienstleistungen
Stryja, C.; Schüritz, R.; Kühl, N.; Hottum, P.; Satzger, G.
2015. Energiesysteme im Wandel: Evolution oder Revolution? 9. Internationale Energiewirtschaftstagung, IEWT, Wien, Österreich, 11 - 13. Februar 2015, 1–17
Stryja, C.; Schüritz, R.; Kühl, N.; Hottum, P.; Satzger, G.
2015. Energiesysteme im Wandel: Evolution oder Revolution? 9. Internationale Energiewirtschaftstagung, IEWT, Wien, Österreich, 11 - 13. Februar 2015, 1–17
Towards a Framework of Influence Factors for Value Co-creation in Service Systems
Hottum, P.; Kieninger, A.; Brinkhoff, P.
2015. Exploring Services Science : 6th International Conference on Exploring Services Science, IESS, Porto, Portugal, February 4 - 6, 2015. Ed.: H. Nóvoa, 1–11, Springer Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14980-6_1
Hottum, P.; Kieninger, A.; Brinkhoff, P.
2015. Exploring Services Science : 6th International Conference on Exploring Services Science, IESS, Porto, Portugal, February 4 - 6, 2015. Ed.: H. Nóvoa, 1–11, Springer Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14980-6_1
Towards an IT-Based Coordination Platform for the German Emergency Medical Service System
Reuter-Oppermann, M.; Kunze von Bischhoffshausen, J.; Hottum, P.
2015. Exploring Services Science : 6th International Conference, IESS 2015, Porto, Portugal, February 4-6, 2015, Proceedings Ed.: H. Nóvoa, 253–263, Springer Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14980-6_20
Reuter-Oppermann, M.; Kunze von Bischhoffshausen, J.; Hottum, P.
2015. Exploring Services Science : 6th International Conference, IESS 2015, Porto, Portugal, February 4-6, 2015, Proceedings Ed.: H. Nóvoa, 253–263, Springer Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14980-6_20
Presentations
Business Models for Electric Mobility Services : Development of a user focused framework
Schüritz, R.; Kühl, N.; Stryja, C.; Hottum, P.; Satzger, G.
2015. 24th Annual Frontiers in Service Conference, San Jose, California, USA, 9th - 12th July 2015
Schüritz, R.; Kühl, N.; Stryja, C.; Hottum, P.; Satzger, G.
2015. 24th Annual Frontiers in Service Conference, San Jose, California, USA, 9th - 12th July 2015
Operationalizing Value Co-Creation : An Analytics Approach to Measuring Customer Contribution in Service Incident Management
Hottum, P.; Satzger, G.; Hackober, C.; Schäfer, B.
2015. 24th Annual Frontiers in Service Conference, San Jose, California, USA, 9th - 12th July 2015
Hottum, P.; Satzger, G.; Hackober, C.; Schäfer, B.
2015. 24th Annual Frontiers in Service Conference, San Jose, California, USA, 9th - 12th July 2015
Measuring Integration Service Quality Gap in a Service System Network
Kwan, S. K.; Hottum, P.
2015. 24th Annual Frontiers in Service Conference, San José, CA, USA, July 9-12, 2015
Kwan, S. K.; Hottum, P.
2015. 24th Annual Frontiers in Service Conference, San José, CA, USA, July 9-12, 2015
2014
Journal Articles
Maintaining Consistent Customer Experience in Service System Networks
Kwan, S. K.; Hottum, P.
2014. Service Science, 6 (2), 136–147. doi:10.1287/serv.2014.0069
Kwan, S. K.; Hottum, P.
2014. Service Science, 6 (2), 136–147. doi:10.1287/serv.2014.0069
Conference Papers
Service networks in the area of E-mobility
Stryja, C.; Hottum, P.; Fromm, H.
2014. Advances in The Human Side of Service Engineering - 5th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE’14), Krakow, Poland, July 19-23, 2014. Ed.: L. Freund, 186–198, AHFE
Stryja, C.; Hottum, P.; Fromm, H.
2014. Advances in The Human Side of Service Engineering - 5th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE’14), Krakow, Poland, July 19-23, 2014. Ed.: L. Freund, 186–198, AHFE
The Integration Quality Gap in Service System Networks
Kwan, S.; Hottum, P.
2014. INFORMS Annual Meeting, San Francisco, California/USA, November 9-12, 2014
Kwan, S.; Hottum, P.
2014. INFORMS Annual Meeting, San Francisco, California/USA, November 9-12, 2014
Reports/Preprints
Ideas on Customer-oriented Queuing in Service Incident Management
Hottum, P.; Reuter, M.
2014. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT). doi:10.5445/IR/1000043433
Hottum, P.; Reuter, M.
2014. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT). doi:10.5445/IR/1000043433
Presentations
Towards a Customer-oriented Queuing in Service Incident Management
Hottum, P.; Reuter-Oppermann, M.
2014. International Conference of the German Operations Research Society (OR), Aachen, Germany, September 2-5, 2014
Hottum, P.; Reuter-Oppermann, M.
2014. International Conference of the German Operations Research Society (OR), Aachen, Germany, September 2-5, 2014
2013
Journal Articles
The Dynamics of Service Productivity and Value Creation: A Service Life Cycle Perspective
Janeschek, S.; Hottum, P.; Kicherer, F.; Bienzeisler, B.
2013. The Service Industries Journal : Special Issue: Productivity of Services NextGen - Beyond Output/Input, 33 (3-4), 366–377. doi:10.1080/02642069.2013.747518
Janeschek, S.; Hottum, P.; Kicherer, F.; Bienzeisler, B.
2013. The Service Industries Journal : Special Issue: Productivity of Services NextGen - Beyond Output/Input, 33 (3-4), 366–377. doi:10.1080/02642069.2013.747518
Customer Integration in Service Innovation: An Exploratory Study
Straub, T.; Kohler, M.; Hottum, P.; Arrass, V.; Welter, D.
2013. Journal of technology management & innovation, 8 (3), 25–33. doi:10.4067/S0718-27242013000400003
Straub, T.; Kohler, M.; Hottum, P.; Arrass, V.; Welter, D.
2013. Journal of technology management & innovation, 8 (3), 25–33. doi:10.4067/S0718-27242013000400003
Conference Papers
Increase Accuracy of Service Costing using Customer Involvement : An Application Scenario based on Service System Analytics
Seiringer, W.; Hottum, P.; Cardoso, J.
2013. SIG SVC 2013 Workshop, Delivering and Managing Services in "Systems of Service Systems", Milano, Italy, 15th December 2013
Seiringer, W.; Hottum, P.; Cardoso, J.
2013. SIG SVC 2013 Workshop, Delivering and Managing Services in "Systems of Service Systems", Milano, Italy, 15th December 2013
Maintaining Consistent Customer Experience in Service System Networks
Kwan, S. K.; Hottum, P.
2013. Proceedings of the 2013 Naples Forum on Service, Napoli, Italy, 18-21 June 2013
Kwan, S. K.; Hottum, P.
2013. Proceedings of the 2013 Naples Forum on Service, Napoli, Italy, 18-21 June 2013
Service Productivity - Measuring and Improving the Value created through Services
Janeschek, S.; Kohler, M.; Rößner, A.; Hottum, P.
2013. 2013 Frontiers in Service Conference July 4 - 7, 2013 Taipei, Taiwan, Conference Proceedings
Janeschek, S.; Kohler, M.; Rößner, A.; Hottum, P.
2013. 2013 Frontiers in Service Conference July 4 - 7, 2013 Taipei, Taiwan, Conference Proceedings
Presentations
Service Productivity : Measuring and Improving the Value created through Services
Janeschek, S.; Kohler, M.; Rößner, A.; Hottum, P.
2013. 22nd Annual Frontiers in Service Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, 4th July 2013
Janeschek, S.; Kohler, M.; Rößner, A.; Hottum, P.
2013. 22nd Annual Frontiers in Service Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, 4th July 2013
2012
Book Chapters
Innovation Patterns and Barriers
Hottum, P.; Lorenz, R.; Neus, A.; Schultz, C.
2012. Methods in Service Innovation: Current Trends and Future Perspectives. Ed.: W. Ganz, 13–26, Fraunhofer Verlag
Hottum, P.; Lorenz, R.; Neus, A.; Schultz, C.
2012. Methods in Service Innovation: Current Trends and Future Perspectives. Ed.: W. Ganz, 13–26, Fraunhofer Verlag
Conference Papers
Moving from B2X to B2X2Y value propositions in service system networks
Kwan, S. K.; Hottum, P.; Kieliszewski, C. A.
2012. 1st International Conference on Human Side of Service Engineering (HSSE 2012), San Franciso, USA, July 20 - July 25, 2012
Kwan, S. K.; Hottum, P.; Kieliszewski, C. A.
2012. 1st International Conference on Human Side of Service Engineering (HSSE 2012), San Franciso, USA, July 20 - July 25, 2012
Productivity Measurement in Complex Service Systems - A White Paper on (lm-)Possibilities
Fromm, H.; Hottum, P.
2012. The Future of Services in a Connected World. Fifth annual EurOMA Service Operations Management Forum, 19.-20. September 2012, Cambridge, UK
Fromm, H.; Hottum, P.
2012. The Future of Services in a Connected World. Fifth annual EurOMA Service Operations Management Forum, 19.-20. September 2012, Cambridge, UK
Barriers to Service Innovation - Perspectives from Research and Practice
Lorenz, R.; Burger, T.; Hottum, P.
2012. 2012 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology (ICMIT), 11.-13.6.2012, Sanur, Bali, 710–717, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/ICMIT.2012.6225894
Lorenz, R.; Burger, T.; Hottum, P.
2012. 2012 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology (ICMIT), 11.-13.6.2012, Sanur, Bali, 710–717, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi:10.1109/ICMIT.2012.6225894
Steigerung der Dienstleistungsproduktivität durch Service Management: Optimaler Einsatz der Ressourcen und Auswirkungen auf die Dienstleistungsarbeit
Rößner, A.; Kramer, J.; Hottum, P.; Kohler, M.
2012. Proceedings of the 3rd Rostock Conference on Service Research 13.-14.9.2012, Rostock. Hrsg.: Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Rostock
Rößner, A.; Kramer, J.; Hottum, P.; Kohler, M.
2012. Proceedings of the 3rd Rostock Conference on Service Research 13.-14.9.2012, Rostock. Hrsg.: Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Rostock
Presentations
Productivity Measurement in Complex Service Systems : A White Paper on (Im-)Possibilities
Fromm, H.; Hottum, P.
2012. The Future of Services in a Connected World : 5th International EurOMA Service Operations Management Forum (SOMF), Cambridge, UK, 19th - 20th September 2012
Fromm, H.; Hottum, P.
2012. The Future of Services in a Connected World : 5th International EurOMA Service Operations Management Forum (SOMF), Cambridge, UK, 19th - 20th September 2012
2011
Conference Papers
Service productivity in the context of the service life cycle
Kicherer, F.; Hottum, P.; Janeschek, S.; Bienzeisler, B.
2011. Productivity of Services NextGen - Beyond Output / Input. RESER 2011. Programme and Abstracts : September 8th-9th 2011, Hamburg, Germany. Ed.: Walter Ganz, Fraunhofer Verlag
Kicherer, F.; Hottum, P.; Janeschek, S.; Bienzeisler, B.
2011. Productivity of Services NextGen - Beyond Output / Input. RESER 2011. Programme and Abstracts : September 8th-9th 2011, Hamburg, Germany. Ed.: Walter Ganz, Fraunhofer Verlag
Capturing and measuring quality and productivity in healthcare service systems
Hottum, P.; Schaff, M.; Müller-Gorchs, M.; Howahl, F.; Görlitz, R.
2011. Productivity of services NextGen: beyond output/input. Conference proceedings RESER 2011, Hamburg, Germany, September 8-9, 2011. Ed.: W. Ganz, 1 CD-Rom, Fraunhofer Verlag
Hottum, P.; Schaff, M.; Müller-Gorchs, M.; Howahl, F.; Görlitz, R.
2011. Productivity of services NextGen: beyond output/input. Conference proceedings RESER 2011, Hamburg, Germany, September 8-9, 2011. Ed.: W. Ganz, 1 CD-Rom, Fraunhofer Verlag
Presentations
Fundamentals of a productivity model for service systems
Howahl, F.; Hottum, P.; Fromm, H.; Satzger, G.
2011. Understanding Complex Service Systems through Different Lenses: Academic Conference, 22-23 September 2011, Cambridge, UK
Howahl, F.; Hottum, P.; Fromm, H.; Satzger, G.
2011. Understanding Complex Service Systems through Different Lenses: Academic Conference, 22-23 September 2011, Cambridge, UK
Towards a Productivity-Oriented Model of Service Systems
Hottum, P.; Howahl, F.
2011. 20th Annual Frontiers in Service Conference, Columbus/Ohio, USA, 30th June - 3rd July 2011
Hottum, P.; Howahl, F.
2011. 20th Annual Frontiers in Service Conference, Columbus/Ohio, USA, 30th June - 3rd July 2011
2010
Journal Articles
Innovating for and with your service customers : An assessment of the current practice of collaborative service innovation in Germany
Schulteß, P.; Wegener, S.; Neus, A.; Satzger, G.
2010. Procedia, 2 (4), 6503–6515. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.04.060
Schulteß, P.; Wegener, S.; Neus, A.; Satzger, G.
2010. Procedia, 2 (4), 6503–6515. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.04.060
Presentations
Service Innovation in theory versus practice : Are current normative process models helpful or harmful?
Neus, A.; Schulteß, P.
2010. 19th Annual Frontiers in Service Conference, Karlstad, Sweden, 10th - 13th June 2010
Neus, A.; Schulteß, P.
2010. 19th Annual Frontiers in Service Conference, Karlstad, Sweden, 10th - 13th June 2010
Service Innovation Labs : Capturing the Power of Experimentation
Schulteß, P.; Neus, A.; Kohler, M.; Wilckens, M.
2010. 19th Annual Frontiers in Service Conference, Karlstad, Sweden, 10th - 13th June 2010
Schulteß, P.; Neus, A.; Kohler, M.; Wilckens, M.
2010. 19th Annual Frontiers in Service Conference, Karlstad, Sweden, 10th - 13th June 2010
Audio & Video
Die Katze im Sack kaufen : KIT-Studie legt erhebliche Mängel beim Einkauf wissensintensiver Dienstleistungen offen
Schulteß, P.; Radio Regenbogen
2010. (S. Fuchs, Ed.). doi:10.5445/DIVA/2010-130
Schulteß, P.; Radio Regenbogen
2010. (S. Fuchs, Ed.). doi:10.5445/DIVA/2010-130
2009
Conference Papers
Managing Service Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Practitioners on Use and Utility of Structured Methods and Tools
Wegener, S.; Neus, A.; Schulteß, P.
2009. 2009 RESER Conference papers. Budapest, Hungary, 24-25 September, 14 S., reser.net
Wegener, S.; Neus, A.; Schulteß, P.
2009. 2009 RESER Conference papers. Budapest, Hungary, 24-25 September, 14 S., reser.net
Reports/Preprints
Knowledge Intensive Services Procurement Strategy
Satzger, G.; Schulteß, P.; Neus, A.
2009. Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
Satzger, G.; Schulteß, P.; Neus, A.
2009. Universität Karlsruhe (TH)